Noun phrase and Verb phrase

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   Now, let's learn about noun phrase and verb phrase

 

   A.    NOUN PHRASE(NP): A group of related words that can act as a single noun-like within unity in a sentence.

Noun phrases start with determiners which are placed at the beginning of noun phrase. It’s divided into 2 part; basic and complex noun phrase.

1.      Basic NP

a.       Noun: book, student

b.      Det+N: the city, a friend

c.       Q+N: some people

d.      Det+Adj+N: my wonderful mom, a new house

e.       Q+Det+Adj+N: most of the animals, all the ways

f.       Adj+N: Asian girl, scary woods

g.      Q+Det+Adj+N: some of my best friends, all those smart students

h.      Det+Adv+Adj+N: the most beautiful girl, everything in scary wood

2.      Complex NP

a.       Pre Modifier

Including modifier that stand alone before the head of complex NP.

Det, adv, adj phrase, noun.

b.      Including modifier that stand alone after the head of complex NP.

Adj, prepositional phrase, infinitive, participle, relative clause.

    B.     Verb phrases are verbs that are made up of more than one word. Verb phrases consist of a main verb alone, or a main verb plus any modal or auxiliary verbs (helping verbs). Those helping verbs are; could, would, should, can, will, shall, may, might, must, did, do, does, and forms of “to be” (was, were, am, are, is, have been, has been, will be, will have been, and being).

1.      Basic VP

a.       Main verb: we are here, I like it.

b.      The auxiliary verb be and a main verb in the –ing form: we were laughing, everybody’s watching

c.       The auxiliary verb have and a main verb in the past participle form: they have enjoyed themselves, i had finished my work

d.      A modal verb (can, could, may, should, will, shall, must) and a main verb: they will come, i can get it.

2.      Intermediate VP

a.       Have been and v-ing

A verb phrase with have, been and the -ing  form expresses both perfect aspect and continuous aspect. A verb with have/has  expresses present perfect continuous and a verb with had expresses past perfect continuous. e.g: everybody has been working hard, he had been singing

b.      Verb and be, have and have been

They will be listening, he might have arrived

c.       Be and past participle

English is spoken all over the world, lunch was being served.

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Adverbial phrase, Adjective phrase, and Prepositional phrase (Tree Diagram)

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today we will learn about the tree diagram. let's goooo!


1. Adverbial phrase
   Adverbial phrase is a multi-word expressions operating adverbially: its syntactic function is to modify other expression, including verbs, adjectives, adverbs, adverbial and sentences.

2. Adjective phrase
   Adjective phrase is a group of words that describe a noun or pronoun in a sentence. It always has an adjective acting as the head.

3. Prepositional phrase
   Prepositional phrase is a group of words containing a preposition, a noun or pronoun object of the preposition, and any modifiers of the object.

Let's check the tree diagrams out to make us understand easily.


1. She wrote a message on the wall
2. The baby slept soundly

3. The children scream histerically
4. Ken made a cake for the party

5. Suzanna is extremely scary movie

I think that's all. thank you for coming
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Adjective and Determiner

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Definition of adjective

An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. To modify means “to describe” or “to make more definite.”

Example: big, pretty, green, round, French, loud, quick, fat.

Example in sentence: she has big brown eyes. The new car broke down.

Types of adjective

   1.      Opinion

Nice, pretty, stupid, original, etc.

e.g: a sweet girl

   2.      Size

Big, small, large, tiny, etc.

e.g: there’s a tiny building

   3.      Age

Young, old, new, ancient, etc.

e.g: an antique car

   4.      Shape

Round, square, flat, straight, etc.

e.g: a straight road

   5.      Color

Blue, red, black, white, etc.

e.g: a black cat

   6.      Origin

Italian, British, Mexican, western, etc.

e.g: an Italian pizza

   7.      Material

Metal, wooden, plastic, golden, etc.

e.g: a plastic toy

Definition of determiner

Determiner are words that are used before nouns to show which person or thing you are talking about. Determiners comes before a noun to show which person or thing the noun refersto

Types of determiner

   1.      Articles

- Definite articles are those that point a particular person or thing. It can be used in front of a singular as well as plural countable and uncountable noun.

e.g: he saw the movie

-indefinite articles are those articles that leave a person or thing undertermined or confuse.

e.g: he is a doctor, I have an umbrella

   2.      Demonstrative adjective

This adjective indicate the noun that is being referred to

e.g: this book is mine

these books is mine

that cat is cute

those cats are cute

   3.      Different words

Difference word are used when you want to refer to something different, additional, or remaining.

e.g: same will eat the other piece of cake

I would like another balloon

   4.      Distributive

Are used to refer to how people or things are divided or share within a group

e.g: the teacher hands a paper to each child

   5.      Number (cardinal and ordinal)

Numbers are used to tell an exact amount (one, two, three) or a certain order (first, second, third)

e.g: there were twenty children at the party

she was the first person

   6.      Possessive pronouns

The pronouns are used to show possessions or belonging

e.g: this is my family

   7.      Quantifiers

Quantifiers tell us the number of each noun

e.g: please hand me a few tissues

   8.      Question or defining words

Question words ask which thing or person is being referred to by the speaker

e.g: which house is yours?

What book did you read?

Whose dog is that?

Placement and order of adjective

  1.      Determiner (a, an, the, some, any, one)

  2.      Opinion (wonderful, great, luxurious)

  3.      Size (big, small, long, wide)

  4.      Age (old, new)

  5.      Shape (round, oval)

  6.      Color (blue, black)

  7.      Origin (Indonesian, Korean)

  8.      Material (wooden, golden)

 

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