Morphology

Let’s learning syntax together

Hello everyone! My name is Reti Nurfella Saputri. And this is my first experience to have a blog. Happy reading J

Morphology

Morpheme is the smallest meaningful elements of the language. The function of morpheme is as the foundation of language and syntax. And syntax is the arrangement of words and sentences to create meaning. Morphology is the study of these meaning units. Not all words or even all syllables are necessarily meaning units. Morphology employs discovery procedures to find out what words or syllables are morphemes.

a.       Types of morphemes

1.       Grammatical classification

There are two kinds of morphemes in grammatically speaking.

                                                         i.            Free morphemes : these may occur on their own, they can be used freely according to the rules of sentence structure, for example girl, chair, love, come.

                                                       ii.            Bound morphemes : these are exception to the rule that morpheme must be able to stand alone, they have no meaning of their own, nut added substantial meaning to other morpheme to which they are attached. They are used for various purpose, such as inflection. Example: -ing in walking, -er in teacher, where walk and teach is a free morpheme accompanied by various bound morphemes, namely suffix.

2.       Morph and allomorph

i.                     Morph is the phonetic realization of morpheme

ii.                   Allomorph is the variants of one morpheme. Allomorph is related to phonology.

For example:

[s] : - (s) -> p, t, k. carpets

- (z) -> b, d, g, v. dogs

- (iz) -> s, z, t , dƷ, Ʒ

b.      Types of words based on morphemes

1.       Simple word: word that consist of one or two morphemes.

Example: teacher it consist of two morphemes they are “teach” and “-er”

2.       Complex word: word that consist more than two morphemes.

Example: encouragment this word consist of three morphemes they are “en-“, “courage”, and “-ment”.

c.       Affix

Affix is an additional element placed at the beginning, middle, or end of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning.

1.       Prefix

Prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word.

2.       Suffix

Suffix is an affix which is place after the stem of a word.

3.       Infix

Infix is a word element (a type of affix) that can be inserted within the base form of a word.

4.       Circumfix

Occurs in two parts on both outer edges of a root.

5.       Simulfix

Replaces one or more phonemes in the root.

6.       Inflection

The modification  of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, and mood.

thank you for coming. I hope it will help you :)